1. Introduction
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is no longer a purely international economic organizationin the way it was. At first, the IMF was established along with the World Bank and theGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Tradeat the close ofWorld War II in order to provide governments with balance of payments support, but now there’s a doubt that IMF has become a political organizat
Ⅰ. Introduction
Depending on the age of globalization, government as well as companies are becoming competitive in the field of budget system and recognizes the need of practical and effective financial management. The government have been implementing the Line item budgeting system to control strictly the use of budget.
However, the control of these budgets has inhibited the increase in pr
Ⅱ. General Information and Structure of Program Budget System
Government innovation is a global trend. The crux of the government innovation is said that the importance of fiscal reform that has emerged as an important issue than ever before. Effectiveness issue than ev, fiscal reform, transparency, equity and accountability should aim to improve.
Current central government agencies a
non-discretionary impacts
Discretionary fiscal stimulus
Asian Development Bank (2009a) also notes that a country's ability to withstand shocks depends on a set of variables that may either amplify or absorb them.
Countries with strong macroeconomic fundamentals would be better able to withstand or absorb shocks, and those with weak and narrower financial systems, less so.
system the typical worker who reached the system normal retirement age of 65 was expected to live another 12 years. And today the time is getting longer. But the workers in the developed countries are retiring earlier thereby compounding the impact of rising longevity on pension costs.
2) Effect on Public Budgets
Population aging translates directly into a lower ratio of taxpaying workers to
Russian economy. He overthrew a radical economic reform, focusing on restructuring Russia’s economic system-from the world’s largest command economy into a free-market one. His reform can be explained by three key principles: fiscal austerity, privatization, and liberalization of its economy. It was carried out through the entire sphere of Russia, with particular emphasis on five aspects:
Ⅰ. 개요
노동조합의 조직 범위는, 그 조직 대상원의 노동조건의 변화에 맞추어 바뀐다. 왜냐하면 조합원의 이익을 가능하면 동질적으로 대변해야 하기 때문이다. 이런 점에서 현재의 기업별 체제는 노동조합과 사용자 모두에게 효율적이 교섭구조를 만들어 내지 못하였다. 즉 재벌별로 구분된 노동조
1. 국제수지(balance of Payment)
1) 개념
① 한나라에 있어서 상품의 수출입이나, 자금의 대차에 따른 외국과의 사이에 주고받는 지불의 차액수지가 국제수지이다.
a. 현대에 있어서 한나라의 경제활동은, 타국의 경제활동과 밀접하게 연결되어 있다. ex) 해외로부터 원재료를 수입 →국내에서 가공, 제품
Problems 1.
Dogmatic and Powerful Executives
In 2002, government privatized
a public enterprise of KT.
Although KT was privatized for change,
KT’s overall culture had vestiges of public enterprise yet.
There were lots of request for executive appointment and also they often employ people through the nepotism.
These problems cut off communication between executives and employees.
I. Introduction: Corporation KT
KT was founded in 1981. after 1997, they reorganized their business structure from wire telephone centered structure to telecommunications and internet centered structure, and they expanded the telecommunications business. In 2002, they concentrated to construct high-speed internet. KT has building global network.
KT was the best telecommunication company in Kor